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This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in the 15th century. ''See also:'' 15th century in poetry, 14th century in literature, 16th century in literature, list of years in literature. ==Events== * 1403 – A guild of stationers is founded in the City of London. As the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers (the "Stationers' Company"), it continues to be a Livery Company in the 21st century. * 1403–08 – The ''Yongle Encyclopedia'' is written in China. * c. 1410 – John, Duke of Berry, commissions the ''Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry'', illustrated by the Limbourg brothers between c. 1412 and 1416. * 1424 – The first French royal library is transferred by the English regent of France, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, to England. * 1425 – At about this date the first Guildhall Library (probably for theology) is established in the City of London under the will of Richard Whittington.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/visiting-the-city/archives-and-city-history/guildhall-library/Pages/History-of-Guildhall-Library.aspx )〕 * 1434 – Japanese Noh actor and playwright Zeami Motokiyo is exiled to Sado Island by the Shogun. * 1443 – King Sejong the Great establishes Hangul as the native alphabet of the Korean language. * 1444: 15 June – Cosimo de' Medici founds the Laurentian Library in Florence. * 1448 – Pope Nicholas V founds the Vatican Library in Rome. * 1450 – Johannes Gutenberg has set up his movable type printing press as a commercial operation in Mainz by this date and a German poem has been printed. * 1451 * * 1 August – A manuscript of Dante's ''Divine Comedy'' is sold in London.〔Berlin State Library MS Hamilton 207.〕 * * Sir Thomas Malory of Newbold Revel in Warwickshire, England, presumed author of the chivalric tales of ''Le Morte d'Arthur'', is imprisoned for most of the following decade on multiple charges including violent robbery and rape. * 1452 – Completion of the Malatestiana Library (''Biblioteca Malatestiana'') in Cesena (in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, commissioned by the city's ruler Malatesta Novello), the first European public library, in the sense of belonging to the commune and open to all citizens. * 1453 – Pageant of ''Coriolan'' staged in the piazza of Milan Cathedral. * 1455 * * 23 February – Johannes Gutenberg completes printing of the Gutenberg Bible in Mainz, the first major book printed with movable type in the West, using a ''textualis'' blackletter typeface. * * 5 June – French poet François Villon is implicated in a murder. * 1457 * * 14 August – The Mainz Psalter, the second major book printed with movable type in the West, the first to be wholly finished mechanically (including colour) and the first to carry a printed date, is printed by Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer for the Elector of Mainz. * * The Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi in Persia is known to be in existence. * 1460 – From about this date, Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, begins to form the Bibliotheca Corviniana, Europe's largest secular library. * 1462: 8 November – First known sentence written in the Albanian language, a Formula e pagëzimit (baptismal formula) by Archbishop Pal Engjëlli. * 1461 – Albrecht Pfister is pioneering movable type book printing in the German language and the addition of woodcut illustrations in Bamberg, producing a collection of Ulrich Boner's fables, ''Der Edelstein'', the first book printed with illustrations. Soon after this he prints the first known ''Biblia pauperum'' (picture Bible). * 1463: 5 January – François Villon is reprieved from hanging in Paris but never heard of again. * 1468 * * 31 May – The Byzantine scholar Cardinal Basilios Bessarion donates his library to the Republic of Venice, the foundation of the Biblioteca Marciana. * * The printers Johann and Wendelin of Speyer settle in Venice; their first book published here, Cicero's ''Epistolae ad familiares'', appears in 1469. * 1470 * * Johann Heynlin prints the first book in Paris, the ''Epistolae Gasparini'' of Gasparinus de Bergamo (d. c. 1431), a guide to writing Latin prose. * * Nicolas Jenson's edition of Eusebius, published in Venice, is the first book to use a roman type based on the principles of typography rather than manuscript. * 1473 * * First book printed in Hungary, ''Chronica Hungarorum'', the "Buda Chronicle". * * First known printing in Poland, ''Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474'', a wall calendar. * 1474 – First book printed in Spain, ''Obres e trobes en lahors de la Verge María'', the anthology of a religious poetry contest held this year in Valencia. * 1475 * * February – Pope Sixtus IV appoints the humanist Bartolomeo Platina as Prefect of the newly-re-established Vatican Library (''Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana'') in Rome after Platina has presented him with the manuscript of his ''Lives of the Popes''.〔''Vitæ Pontificum Platinæ historici liber de vita Christi ac omnium pontificum qui hactenus ducenti fuere et XX'' (published 1479). The event is depicted in Melozzo da Forlì's fresco for the library ''Sixtus IV Appointing Platina as Prefect of the Vatican Library'' (1477). 〕 * * ''Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye'' is the first book to be printed in English, by William Caxton in Bruges. * * Rashi's commentary on the Torah is the first dated book to be printed in Hebrew, in Reggio di Calabria. * 1476 * * 30 January – Constantine Lascaris's ''Erotemata'' ("Questions", also known as ''Grammatica Graeca'') is the first book to be printed entirely in Greek (in Milan). * * William Caxton sets up the first printing press in England, at Westminster.〔 * * First performance of one of Terence's plays since antiquity, ''Andria'' in Florence. * 1477: 18 November – Caxton prints Earl Rivers' translation of ''Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophres'', the first book printed in England on a printing press. * 1478 – In England * * William Caxton publishes the first printed copy of the ''Canterbury Tales''. * * The Ranworth Antiphoner is presented to St Helen's Church, Ranworth. * * 17 December – First book printed in Oxford.〔''Commentarius in symbolum apostolorum'', a 4th century exposition of the Apostles' Creed attributed to St. Jerome but actually by Tyrannius Rufinus, perhaps printed by Theoderic Rood, and apparently misdated 1468. 〕 * 1479 * * The St Albans Press, the third printing press in England, is set up in the Abbey Gateway, St. Albans. * * Robert Ricart begins writing ''The Maire of Bristowe is Kalendar'' in Bristol, England. * 1480s (approximate date) – Scottish makar Robert Henryson writes ''The Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian''. * 1485 – The play ''Elckerlijc'' wins first prize in the Rederijker contest in Antwerp. * 1488 – Duke Humfrey's Library at the University of Oxford receives its first books. * 1490 * * Chinese scholar Hua Sui invents bronze-metal movable type printing in China. * * Publication in Valencia of the prose chivalric romance ''Tirant lo Blanch'' completed by Martí Joan de Galba from the work of the knight Joanot Martorell (d. 1468), written in Valencian and a pioneering example of the novel in modern Europe. * 1492 – Antonio de Nebrija publishes ''Gramática de la lengua castellana'', the first grammar text for the Castilian Spanish language in Salamanca, which he introduces to the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, newly restored to power in Andalusia, as "a tool of empire". * 1495: February–March – An edition of Constantine Lascaris's ''Erotemata'' in Greek with a parallel Latin translation (''Grammatica Graeca'') by Johannes Crastonis is the first book to be published by Aldus Manutius, in Venice, using typefaces cut by Francesco Griffo. * 1495–1498 – Aldus Manutius publishes the Aldine Press edition of Aristotle in Venice. * 1496: February – Francesco Griffo cuts the first old style serif (or humanist) typeface (known in modern times as Bembo) for the Aldine Press edition of Pietro Bembo's narrative ''Petri Bembi de Aetna Angelum Chabrielem liber'', a work which also includes early adoption of the semicolon. * 1497 * * 7 February (Shrove Tuesday) – Followers of Girolamo Savonarola burn thousands of "immoral" objects, including books, at the Bonfire of the Vanities in Florence, an episode repeatedly revisited in literature. * * Possible date – First performance of the earliest known full-length secular play wholly in English, ''Fulgens and Lucrece'' by Henry Medwall, the first English vernacular playwright known by name, perhaps at Lambeth Palace in London. * 1499: Late – Contents of the library of the Madrasah of Granada are publicly burned. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「15th century in literature」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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